Modulation Schemes

Modulation schemes refer to the techniques used to modify the characteristics of a carrier signal in order to transmit information. In the context of space and astronautical engineering, modulation schemes are used to transmit data between spacecraft and ground stations, as well as between spacecraft in space. The choice of modulation scheme depends on factors such as the available bandwidth, the distance between the transmitter and receiver, and the required data rate. Common modulation schemes used in space and astronautical engineering include amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). AM involves varying the amplitude of the carrier signal to transmit information, while FM involves varying the frequency. PM involves varying the phase of the carrier signal, and QAM involves varying both the amplitude and phase. These modulation schemes can be further combined with coding techniques to improve the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.
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