Mantle Convection
Mantle convection is the process of heat transfer within the Earth's mantle, which is the layer between the crust and the core. This process is driven by the heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the mantle and the heat left over from the formation of the Earth. As the mantle heats up, it becomes less dense and rises towards the surface, while cooler, denser material sinks towards the core. This movement of material creates a convective flow that is responsible for many geological phenomena, including plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.
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