Biomarker
In space and astronautical engineering, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the presence or severity of physiological or pathological processes related to spaceflight. Biomarkers can be used to monitor the health status of astronauts during space missions, to identify potential health risks associated with long-duration spaceflight, and to develop countermeasures to mitigate these risks. Examples of biomarkers used in space research include genetic markers, epigenetic markers, protein markers, and metabolite markers. Biomarkers can also be used to study the effects of spaceflight on human physiology and to identify potential biomarkers of aging and disease. The development of new biomarkers and the refinement of existing biomarkers is an important area of research in space and astronautical engineering.
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