Physical Layer Functions
In space and astronautical engineering, the physical layer functions refer to the lowest layer of the communication system that deals with the transmission and reception of the raw bit stream over a physical medium. The physical layer functions include modulation, coding, and synchronization. Modulation is the process of converting the digital data into analog signals that can be transmitted over the physical medium. Coding is the process of adding redundancy to the data to detect and correct errors that may occur during transmission. Synchronization is the process of aligning the transmitter and receiver clocks to ensure that the data is transmitted and received at the same rate.
Your Previous Searches
Random Picks
- Habitable Planets: Habitable planets are celestial bodies that have the potential to support life as we know it. These planets are located within the habitable zone of their star, where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist on the surface. The h ... Read More >>
- Radiation Patterns: Radiation pattern is a graphical representation of the directional dependence of the strength of an electromagnetic field emitted from a point source. In space and astronautical engineering, radiation patterns are used to analyze and design ... Read More >>
- Tropical Cyclones: Tropical cyclones are rotating, organized systems of clouds and thunderstorms that originate over tropical or subtropical waters and have closed, low-level circulation. They are classified as tropical depressions, tropical storms, or hurric ... Read More >>
Top News
Check out this interactive map of the early universe, considered largest ever cr...
A team of astronomers have put together the largest, most detailed map of the universe ever created – and you can explore it now....
News Source: USA Today on 2025-06-12
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is about to totally transform astronomy...
With the ability to scan the entire southern night sky every three days, the huge Vera C. Rubin Observatory could be about to start solving the mysteries of the universe, from dark matter to Planet Ni...
News Source: New Scientist on 2025-06-12
Trump's proposed science cuts will have huge consequences...
The universe will still be there to marvel at, despite brutal cuts set to hit NASA and the National Science Foundation's budgets. But the damage to future research will be long-lasting, says Chanda Pr...
News Source: New Scientist on 2025-06-11
Starlink satellites are leaking radio signals that may ruin astronomy...
Our ability to study faint radio signals from when the first stars began to form is being threatened by SpaceX's Starlink satellites, which seem to be unintentionally leaking radio signals that overpo...
News Source: New Scientist on 2025-06-09
Asteroids around Venus pose possible 'invisible threat' to Earth: Should you be ...
A swarm of large asteroids likely lurking around Venus could one day pose an "invisible threat" to Earth if left unchecked, astronomers have warned....
News Source: USA Today on 2025-06-06