Passive System
In space and astronautical engineering, a passive system refers to a system that does not require any external power or control to operate. It relies on natural phenomena such as gravity, radiation, and thermal energy to function. Passive systems are often used in spacecraft design to reduce complexity, weight, and cost. Examples of passive systems include passive thermal control systems that use materials with high thermal conductivity to regulate temperature, passive attitude control systems that use gravity-gradient stabilization or magnetic torquers to maintain spacecraft orientation, and passive radiation shielding systems that use materials with high atomic number to protect against ionizing radiation. Passive systems are also used in space exploration missions to study celestial bodies such as planets, moons, and asteroids. For instance, passive seismic experiments use natural vibrations and impacts to study the interior structure of planets and moons.
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