Cryosphere
Cryosphere refers to the frozen water part of the Earth's system, including snow cover, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, sea ice, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground. In space and astronautical engineering, the study of the cryosphere is important for understanding the behavior of ice and snow on other planets and moons, as well as for designing spacecraft and instruments that can operate in cold environments. The cryosphere also plays a critical role in Earth's climate system, as changes in the extent and thickness of ice can affect global sea levels, ocean circulation, and weather patterns.
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