Rare Earth Elements
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are a group of 17 chemical elements, including the 15 lanthanides (atomic numbers 57-71) plus yttrium (atomic number 39) and scandium (atomic number 21). REEs have unique properties, such as high magnetic strength, luminescence, and catalytic activity, that make them essential components in many modern technologies, including electronics, renewable energy systems, and defense applications. Due to their scarcity and criticality, REEs have become a strategic resource, and their exploration, extraction, processing, and recycling have become a significant field of research and development in space and astronautical engineering.
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